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Where Has all the water gone: Water Crisis and Us!

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bangladesh2000
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« on: July 26, 2015, 04:55:34 pm »

Where Has all the water gone: Water Crisis and Us![/glow][/shadow]
About 97 percent of the water on earth is in the oceans and is too salty to be used for drinking, farming, and manufacturing.

Only about 3 percent of earth's water is fresh. Yet the majority of this is not accessible.
Permanent ice & snow:68.7%
Groundwater: 30.1%
Permafrost, Underground ice: 0.9%

Lakes, rivers and swamps: 0.3%
Cherrapunji, India, is one of the wettest places on earth. During the monsoon season, 9000 millimeters of rain drench its hills,
which lie at the foot of the Himalaya Mountains. Incredible as it may seem, however, Cherrapunji also suffers from water shortage.



Since there is little vegetation left to hold the water, it rushes away almost as quickly as it falls from sky.
Two months after the monsoon rains have gone, water becomes scarce. Robin Clarke, in his book Water:
The International Crisis, years ago described Cherrapunji as "wettest desert on earth."

Not far downstream from Cherrapunji lies Bangladesh, a densely populated, low lying country that bears the brunt of the monsoon waters that cascade down the denuded hillsides of India and Nepal. Some years, two thirds of Bangladesh gets flooded. But once the flood waters subside, the Ganges River slows to a trickle, and the land becomes parched. Over 100 million people in bangladesh face this cruel, year cycle of floods and drought. To make matters worse, well water there has become contaminated with arsenic, which may have already poisoned millions of people.

Unfortunately, much of the rain occurs in the form of torrential downpours. These not only cause flooding but also result in water running quickly off the land and into the sea. And some places get a lot of rain, while others get little. Chrrapunji has been known to record more than 26,000 millimeters of rain in one 12-month period, wheres the Atacama Desert in northern Chile may experience several years without any significant rainfall at all.

Practically all industrial processes consume large quantities of water.
1. The production of one ton of steel can consume 280 tons of water.
2. Manufacturing one kilogram of paper can require as much as 700 kilograms of water (if the factory does not recycle the water)
3.To make a typical U. S. car, the manufaturing uses 50 times the car's weight in water.



Agriculture may be just as demanding, especially if livestock is raised in semiarid regions of the earth.
1. To produce one kilogram of steak from California beef cattle requires 20,500 liters of water.
2.Processing just one frozen chicken takes at least 26 liters of water.



The water Crisis:

1. Contamination:In poland omnly 5 percent of the river water is fit for drinking, and 75 percent of it is too polluted even for industrial use.

2. Urban supplies:
In mexico city, the world's second largest metropolis, the water table, which supplies 80 percent of the city's water,
is sinking inexorably. Pumping exceeds the natural replenishment by more than 50 percent. Beijing, the capital of China, suffers from a similar problem.
Its aquifer has dropped more than one meter a year, and one third of its well have dried up.


3.Irrigation:
The huge Ogallala aquifer in the United States has become so depleted that irrigated land in north-west Texas has shrunk by a third for lack of water. Both China and India, the second- and third-largest producers of food, are facing a comparable crisis. In the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu, irrigation has caused the water table to sink more than 23 meters in ten years.

4.Disappearing Rivers:
During the dry season,
the mighty Ganges no longer reaches the sea, as all its water is diverted before that. the same is true of the Colorado River in North America.


Solution to the water crisis-- and most envirinmental problems-- require changes in attitudes.
People need to be cooperative rather than selfish, to make reasonable sacrifices where necessary, and to be determined to take care of the earth for
its future i
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